Continuous quality improvement in a community-wide TB screening and prevention programme in Papua New Guinea

🔗2024

🔗Journal/Publication: Public Health Action

🔗Read it in full version: https://doi.org/10.5588/pha.24.0013

Abstract 

Daru Island in Papua New Guinea (PNG) has a high prevalence of TB and multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB).

To evaluate the early implementation of a community-wide project to detect and treat TB disease and infection, outline the decision-making processes, and change the model of care.

A continuous quality improvement (CQI) initiative used a plan-do-study-act (PDSA) framework for prospective implementation. Care cascades were analysed for case detection, treatment, and TB preventive treatment (TPT) initiation.

Of 3,263 people screened for TB between June and December 2023, 13.7% (447/3,263) screened positive (CAD4TB or symptoms), 77.9% (348/447) had Xpert Ultra testing, 6.9% (24/348) were diagnosed with TB and all initiated treatment. For 5–34-year-olds without active TB (n = 1,928), 82.0% (1,581/1,928) had tuberculin skin testing (TST), 96.1% (1,519/1,581) had TST read, 23.0% (350/1,519) were TST-positive, 95.4% (334/350) were TPT eligible, and 78.7% (263/334) initiated TPT. Three PDSA review cycles informed adjustments to the model of care, including CAD4TB threshold and TPT criteria. Key challenges identified were meeting screening targets, sputum unavailability from asymptomatic individuals with high CAD4TB scores, and consumable stock-outs.

CQI improved project implementation by increasing the detection of TB disease and infection and accelerating the pace of screening needed to achieve timely community-wide coverage.